Transportowiec wojska typu Turbacz

Transportowiec wojska typu Turbacz 1920 (1 szt.)

Duży, szybki i silnie uzbrojony transportowiec wojska. Okręt może zabrać na pokład ok. 2 000 żołnierzy i ponad 3 000 t ładunku (broń ciężka, amunicja, woda słodka, żywność, materiały saperskie itp.). Wielki zasięg umożliwia dotarcie bez tankowania w dowolne miejsce na kuli ziemskiej. Bardzo silne – jak na transportowiec – uzbrojenie, (także przeciwlotnicze) umożliwia skuteczną samoobronę przed okrętami do wielkości kanonierki oraz ewentualne pełnienie w „wolnych chwilach” funkcji krążownika pomocniczego. Projektując jednostkę położono duży nacisk na zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa (środki ratunkowe) oraz warunki bytowe przewożonych żołnierzy.

Wprowadzenie do służby Turbacza, umożliwiło wycofanie i sprzedaż najstarszego transportowca wojska TS-1 Babia Góra (1899). Nabywcą został prywatny armator, który po adaptacji wykorzystuje jednostkę jako statek pasażersko-towarowy na linii południowoamerykańskiej. 

Turbacz, Poland Troopship laid down 1920

Displacement:

            11 720 t light; 12 057 t standard; 15 111 t normal; 17 554 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught

            540,31 ft / 524,93 ft x 65,62 ft x 23,62 ft (normal load)

            164,69 m / 160,00 m x 20,00 m  x 7,20 m

Armament:

      2 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns in single mounts, 52,91lbs / 24,00kg shells, 1920 Model

              Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists on centreline ends, evenly spread

      4 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns in single mounts, 52,91lbs / 24,00kg shells, 1920 Model

              Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists on side ends, evenly spread, all raised 

              mounts - superfiring

      2 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,01lbs / 5,90kg shells, 1918 Model

              Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts

      4 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns in single mounts, 2,05lbs / 0,93kg shells, 1919 Model

              Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts -
             superfiring

      6 - 0,98" / 25,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,55lbs / 0,25kg shells, 1919 Model

              Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts

            Weight of broadside 248 lbs / 112 kg

            Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Machinery:

            Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,

            Geared drive, 3 shafts, 19 567 shp / 14 597 Kw = 20,00 kts

            Range 20 000nm at 14,00 kts

            Bunker at max displacement = 5 497 tons

Complement:

            680 - 885

Cost:

            £1,283 million / $5,134 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:

            Armament: 44 tons, 0,3%

            Machinery: 684 tons, 4,5%

            Hull, fittings & equipment: 7 961 tons, 52,7%

            Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3 391 tons, 22,4%

            Miscellaneous weights: 3 030 tons, 20,1%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:

            Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):

              42 107 lbs / 19 099 Kg = 798,6 x 4,7 " / 120 mm shells or 5,3 torpedoes

            Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,10

            Metacentric height 3,2 ft / 1,0 m

            Roll period: 15,4 seconds

            Steadiness      - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %

                                   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,09

            Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2,00

Hull form characteristics:

            Hull has a flush deck

            Block coefficient: 0,650

            Length to Beam Ratio: 8,00 : 1

            'Natural speed' for length: 22,91 kts

            Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %

            Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35

            Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 9,00 degrees

            Stern overhang: 11,48 ft / 3,50 m

            Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):

               - Stem:                    24,61 ft / 7,50 m

               - Forecastle (15%): 22,64 ft / 6,90 m

               - Mid (0%):              22,64 ft / 6,90 m

               - Quarterdeck (10%):          22,64 ft / 6,90 m

               - Stern:                    23,62 ft / 7,20 m

               - Average freeboard:          22,81 ft / 6,95 m

            Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:

            Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 40,1%

                        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 167,3%

            Waterplane Area: 26 387 Square feet or 2 451 Square metres

            Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 318%

            Structure weight / hull surface area: 188 lbs/sq ft or 918 Kg/sq metre

            Hull strength (Relative):

                        - Cross-sectional: 1,96

                        - Longitudinal: 3,64

                        - Overall: 2,09

            Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent

            Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

            Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

            Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather